Colon cancer screening is essential for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. Here are the primary methods used for screening: 1. **Colonoscopy**: - A long, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum to examine the entire colon. - It allows for the detection and removal of polyps or abnormal tissue. - Recommended every 10 years starting at age 45 for average-risk individuals. 2. **Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)**: - Detects hidden blood in the stool, which can be a sign of cancer. - It's done annually. 3. **Guaiac-based Fecal Occult Blood Test (gFOBT)**: - Also detects hidden blood in the stool. - Requires dietary restrictions before the test. - Done annually. 4. **Stool DNA Test (Cologuard)**: - Combines FIT with a test that detects altered DNA in stool. - Recommended every 3 years. 5. **Flexible Sigmoidoscopy**: - Similar to a colonoscopy but examines only the lower part of the colon. - Recommended every 5 years, or every 10 years combined with annual FIT. 6. **CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy)**: - Uses CT scans to create images of the colon and rectum. - Recommended every 5 years. ### Risk Factors and Recommendations - **Average Risk**: Begin screening at age 45. - **Increased Risk**: May need earlier and more frequent screening. This includes individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, certain genetic syndromes, inflammatory bowel disease, or personal history of polyps. ### Benefits of Screening - Early detection of colorectal cancer can significantly improve treatment outcomes. - Removal of polyps can prevent the development of cancer. Regular screening is a crucial part of maintaining colon health and reducing the risk of colorectal cancer.